What does the term 'telegraphic speech' refer to in child language acquisition?

The term 'telegraphic speech' refers to a stage in child language acquisition where children produce two or three-word phrases that contain only the essential words needed to convey meaning. This form of speech resembles telegrams, which traditionally omitted unnecessary words due to cost constraints. For example, a child might say "want cookie" instead of "I want a cookie."

In this stage, children prioritize the core content of their messages, often omitting function words such as articles, prepositions, and auxiliary verbs. This efficiency allows them to communicate effectively despite their limited vocabulary and grammar skills at that young age. Understanding telegraphic speech provides insight into how children simplify language as they learn and develop their linguistic capabilities.