What is a "speech act"?

A "speech act" refers to an utterance that performs a function in communication, meaning that it conveys not just information but also performs an action. This concept is fundamental in linguistics and pragmatics, highlighting how language can be used to accomplish various tasks beyond merely stating facts. For example, when someone says "I apologize," they are not just conveying the information that they are sorry; they are actually performing the act of apologizing.

Understanding speech acts involves recognizing that language is often used in context-dependent ways. Assertions, questions, commands, requests, and promises all function as speech acts because they contribute meaning and intention within a communicative interaction. Thus, the notion of speech acts is central to studying how children learn to use language effectively in social contexts, making the first option the correct choice.